jueves, marzo 03, 2005

E.D.A.R.

Sí, tranquilos, no me he equivocado, he escrito E.D.A.R. y seguro que os preguntáis ¿qué c... es un E.D.A.R.? Pues aquí estoy yo para solucionar vuestras dudas!! Una EDAR es una Estación Depuradora de Aguas Residuales. El 6 de mayo de 1968, en Estrasburgo la Unión Europea dictó la “Carta del agua: No hay vida sin agua, es un tesoro para toda actividad humana”. En la naturaleza se presenta como un líquido incoloro, inodoro e insípido... o por lo menos debería estar así... Recorre un ciclo “hidrológico”: Mar -> Vapor -> Nube -> Lluvia -> Rio (-> Hombre) -> Mar...

Genera riqueza en todos los pasos y es fundamental para la vida. Todos los seres vivos necesitan agua y ésta forma parte de todos ellos (Cacahuete 5%, Persona 70%, Seta 95%, Medusa 99%). Solo un 3% del agua del planeta es dulce y de ella solo un 1% es accesible. Además de estar desigualmente repartida tendemos a malgastarla y contaminarla, cada día es más común el césped, las piscinas o los campos de golf. Hay que recordar que por cada litro consumido se genera una cantidad igual de agua sucia y solo en sitios donde hay depuradora se consigue limpiar escasamente un 90% de ella.

El agua cuesta mucho... captación, infraestructuras, conducciones y hay que añadir a la factura el coste de la depuración que se eleva según contaminemos el agua (una EDAR vale 2,5 millones de €). Una vez usada, se conduce a la EDAR donde sufre un proceso de purificación.

En un pretratamiento, el agua procedente del alcantarillado se desbasta (eliminación de sólidos gruesos), se desarena (por gravedad cae la arena en grandes bañeras) y se desengrasa (con rastrillos que separan las grasas flotantes). La suciedad orgánica se elimina con un Tratamiento Biológico (mediante el cultivo de bacterias que la consumen) formando lodos que se separan por decantación, se secan y compactan para utilizarlos como abono. El agua resultante, mucho mas pura, sufre procesos de floculación (para eliminar bacterias) e incluso un Tratamiento Terciario específico si contiene metales pesados para acabar devolviéndola al cauce de los rios.

Con un uso racional del agua ganamos todos, el agua es vida

EDAR



Enlaces:
Tratamiento de Aguas Residuales
Ecologistas en Acción
Educación Ambiental CENEAM
Confederación Hidrográfica del Tajo
Ministerio de Medio Ambiente

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1 comentario:

  1. Anónimo11 octubre, 2005 15:08

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